Introduction:
Nephrology is the specialty of internal medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney diseases and disorders affecting renal function. The kidneys are vital organs that filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood, regulate blood pressure, balance electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), produce hormones like erythropoietin (which stimulates red blood cell production) and renin (which controls blood pressure), and activate vitamin D for bone health. Nephrologists manage a broad range of conditions — from acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) to glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplantation. Kidney disease is often silent in its early stages, making routine monitoring of blood pressure, blood sugar, and kidney function tests essential for early detection and prevention of irreversible damage.
Symptoms:
Kidney problems can affect the body gradually and may show through changes in urine, swelling, or fatigue.
Treatments:
Nephrology treatments help improve kidney function, manage symptoms, and prevent further kidney damage.
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